Why more months in Vikrami calendar?

This year, Vidhi month is starting from 18th July 2023 which will continue till 16th August. This time there are two months of Saavan, one pure and one more or Mal month. You must have understood that we are talking about the Adhik month of the Hindu calendar, which is also called by the names Malmas, Purushottam month etc. As is clear from its name Malamas, This entire month is considered impure, hence no festivals or festivals are celebrated in this month, no marriages take place. It is believed that the lords of Hindu months are different gods. Due to the inauspiciousness of Malmas, no god was ready to become its owner, then Shri Vishnu adopted it. One name of Lord Vishnu is Purushottam. Since he became the lord of Adhik month, it was called Purushottam month. There is more month every third year. Why does this happen There is a logical answer to this.
The Hindu year, also called Samvatsar, is a lunar year consisting of 354 days, 22 Ghati, 1 Pal and 23 Vipal. There are 365 days, 15 Ghati, 22 Pal and 57 Vipal in the solar year. That means there is a difference of about 11 days between the two.This difference becomes one month in three solar years. In the third year this difference is equalized by increasing one lunar month. There is a rule for which month will be the greater month. In the Hindu calendar, there are two fortnights, Krishna and Shukla, of fifteen days each, according to the waxing and waning phases of the Moon. The Sun changes its zodiac sign every month. The phenomenon of Sun moving from one zodiac sign to another is called Sankranti. The month in which there is no solstice of the Sun is called Adhik Maas. This year, at the end of Krishna Paksha in the month of Saavan, the Sun will enter Cancer late at night on 16th July.Amavasya date is on 17th July in the morning. Then Sun will remain in this zodiac sign for a whole month. There will be Sun and New Moon date of Cancer at the time of sunrise on 16th August. That is, there will be no Sankranti of the Sun throughout the month, hence it will be Malmas. Due to such a coincidence occurring in the month of Saavan, this year there will be two Saavans (one pure and one Adhik month) and there will be thirteen months in the Samvatsara. If Sun changes its zodiac sign twice in a month, then that month is considered to be decaying. This coincidence comes after approximately one hundred and forty-one years.
Some interesting facts regarding Malamas are also worth knowing. Generally, Vaishakh, Jyeshtha, Ashadh, Shravan, Bhadrapada and Ashwin can be Adhimas. Malmas occurs every third year but a particular month may become more mas after nineteen years. When Ashadh Purushottam month occurs, the idols of Lord Jagannath are replaced in Puri. This festival is called Navakalevar.
Many legends are prevalent regarding Malamas. There is also an interesting story that the demon king Hiranyakashyap did penance and asked Brahma ji for the boon of becoming immortal. The creator said that no one can be immortal in the mortal world. Then Hiranyakashyap, showing cunning, said that he should neither die at the hands of man nor at the hands of animals. His death should neither be caused by a weapon nor by a weapon. He died neither during the day nor at night. May he not die inside or outside the house, on earth or in the sky. With this he asked for a boon that he should not die during the twelve months of Samvatsara. Brahma ji said amen. The demon king considered himself immortal and started committing atrocities. Then to end it, Shri Hari took the incarnation of Narasimha and created Malmas in the thirteenth month. In the evening, in the month of Adhik, Lord Narasimha made Hiranyakashipu lie down on his thighs at the threshold of the palace and killed him by tearing his abdomen with his nails.
In Sanatan Dharma, the importance of worshiping God for most of the month and living a disciplined life has been explained in detail.🙏